THREATS TO WORLD'S
MOST IMPORTANT REEFS STRETCHING FROM CENTRAL Southeast Asia to the edge of the western Pacific, 130 million people in the Coral Triangle region depend on marine resources for food and livelihoods. The region also contains more than 75 percent of the world's coral species and twice the number of reef fish found anywhere else in the world. The region's coral reefs and associated fisheries are also severely threatened by overexploitation.
The governments of the six countries that make up the
Coral Triangle—Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, and Timor-Leste, came together in 2009 to form the largest marine governance initiative in the world: the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security (CTI-CFF). Their goal is to manage their marine resources so that they continue to provide benefits to people in the future. The World Resources Institute and the USAID- funded Coral Triangle Support Partnership have just released a report, Reefs at Risk Revisited in the Coral Triangle, giving both a region-wide and country-level perspective on the risks to reef ecosystems. At the national level, reefs in the Southeast Asian countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Timor-Leste are most at risk with at least 95 percent of the country's reefs are currently threatened by a combination of overfishing, coastal development, and land based pollution. The Philippines is the most threatened country due to people's high collective dependence on reef resources for food and income, as well as fewer options for alternative livelihoods.
All these reefs are likely to be threatened by 2030 if actions are not taken to significantly reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.
Since the establishment of CTI-CFF, the six governments involved have adopted regional and national plans of action aimed at managing pressures on their resources. This has resulted in a rise in the number of marine protected areas in the region, as well as increased awareness about the beneficial effects reef management can have on fisheries production and tourism potential. The report identified where reefs are most threatened and provides baseline data to help groups like CTI-CFF establish and prioritise specific management strategies.
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